Showing posts with label COVID-19. Show all posts
Showing posts with label COVID-19. Show all posts

Thursday, March 03, 2022

How many lives have the COVID vaccines saved?

 This really shouldn't be controversial.

In response to a worldwide pandemic, scientists built on decades of research in genetics and virology to design, create, test and deploy multiple COVID vaccines in record time. Three vaccines were approved for use in the US--Johnson and Johnson, Pfizer and ModernaTo date 214 million Americans--65%--are fully vaccinated and 93 million--28%--have gotten a booster. The vaccines and boosters are known to reduce COVID cases, severe illness, hospitalization and deaths.

The question is, how many deaths have the vaccines actually prevented--how many Americans are alive today who would be dead had they remained unvaccinated?

A doctor receiving a COVID vaccination

Credit: DOD

I know that many people's eyes glaze over when numbers are involved, and the next section includes a lot of numbers. For those with a numerical allergy, feel free to jump to the paragraph in bold that starts with "During the 39 weeks . . ."

The numbers:

To address the question of how many lives COVID vaccination has saved, I examined week-by-week US death rates by vaccination status between April 10, 2021 and January 1, 2022, and coordinated those with week-by-week numbers of Americans fully vaccinated.

During those 39 weeks the number of fully vaccinated Americans rose from 82.9 million to 207.4 million. As the pandemic waxed and waned, the weekly rates of COVID deaths among unvaccinated people ranged from 0.92 to 14.27 per 100,000 while the comparable rates for fully vaccinated people varied from 0.07 to 1.23 per 100,000.

The ratio of deaths per 100,000 comparing unvaccinated to vaccinated people ranged from 6.6 to 18 with an average of 11.85. That is, on average over those 39 weeks, unvaccinated Americans died from COVID at 11.85 the rate of their fully vaccinated peers.

The difference between the rate of deaths between unvaccinated and fully vaccinated people ranged from 0.85 deaths per 100,000 people during weeks when the pandemic was at a low ebb to 13.04 per 100,000 at its peak.

Knowing the number of vaccinated people in a given week and the death rate for unvaccinated people at that time, we can calculate the number of deaths that would have occurred among the vaccinated group if they had remained unvaccinated. We can calculate how many lives were saved by subtracting the actual number of deaths in the vaccinated group from the number of people in that group who would have died if unvaccinated.

Here's an example, using the week of December 18, 2021:

Number of fully vaccinated people: 205.3 million

Death rate among unvaccinated people: 92.5 per million

How many would have died at the unvaccinated rate: 205.3 x 92.5 = 18,990

Death rate among fully vaccinated: 8 per million

How many fully vaccinated people actually died: 205.3 x 8 = 1,642

Number of lives saved that week: 18,990 - 1642 = 17,348

We can then calculate that figure for each of the 39 weeks for which we have data and add them up. That gets us the answer to our question:

During the 39 weeks between April 10, 2021 and January 1, 2022, if nobody had been vaccinated we would have seen approximately 416,999 more deaths.

To put it differently, during those 39 weeks, COVID vaccinations saved approximately 417,000 American lives. That's an average of 10,692 lives saved per week, or 1527 per day.

If the COVID vaccines had not been available, the additional lives lost would have surpassed all American lives lost in World War II.

This conservative estimate of lives saved doesn't include those saved during the 20 weeks between the start of vaccinations in the US on December 14, 2020 and April 10, 2021, or the lives saved since January 1, 2022, or the additional lives saved among people who are fully vaccinated and boosted.

We can fill in those gaps at least in part. Researchers at the NIH and Rand Corporation used a modeling approach to estimate the number of lives saved by vaccines from December 14, 2020 through May 9, 2021. They arrived at a figure of 139,000 for that period. If we subtract the 10,436 deaths in the weeks where their figures overlap mine, we can add another 128,564 American lives saved by vaccines before April 10, 2021.

We don't have US COVID death rates by vaccination status after January 1, 2022, but we do have those numbers for two states, Texas and Washington. They show the same pattern, with unvaccinated people dying at between 7 and 18 times the rate of their fully vaccinated peers. It's safe to say that the number of lives saved by the COVID vaccines continues to grow.

So, even without counting the lives saved by vaccines so far in 2022, as a very conservative estimate COVID vaccinations have saved 417,000 + 128,500--more than 545,000 American lives.

What about the rest of the world?

Ten other countries report COVID deaths by vaccination status. You can find the details here. On average across those countries unvaccinated people died from COVID at 9.5 times the rate of vaccinated people, quite comparable to the 11.85 ratio seen in the U.S. over time. The average difference between the death rates per 100,000 for unvaccinated vs fully vaccinated people was actually greater than the comparable figure for the US. Thus it seems reasonable to use the lives saved in the U.S. to estimate lives saved worldwide.

This is supported by data from Europe. A study jointly published by WHO and the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control estimates that between the beginning of vaccination in Europe in December, 2020 through November of 2021, vaccines saved nearly 470,000 lives just in those aged 60 and older.

The 214 million Americans who are fully vaccinated represent slightly less than one-twentieth of the number of fully vaccinated people worldwide, currently estimated at 4.355 billion. If we multiply 545,000 lives saved in the US by a factor of 20, we get an admittedly rough estimate of how many lives the vaccines have saved worldwide--10,900,000.

That's a lot of mothers and fathers, grandparents and grandchildren, husbands and wives, workers and homemakers, friends and lovers, regular people who are still alive because they chose to get vaccinated.

Perhaps we should be thanking Anthony Fauci and other public figures and leaders who have encouraged and advocated vaccination rather than calling them mass murderers who should be jailed or executed-- tropes that far too frequently appear on right-wing news sources and saturate social media.

 

Thursday, February 17, 2022

Worldwide data on covid vaccine effectivenss

More than a year into the massive worldwide vaccination rollout, people still voice a wide range of opinions--from confidence that the benefits of the shots far outweigh their risks to an often intensely held belief that they offer few or no benefits and are extremely dangerous. Claims like those are widely disseminated via social media, and almost certainly have contributed to the relatively low vaccination and booster rates in the US.

Readers interested in what's known about the risks of the vaccines from several large-scale studies can find reports herehere and here.



In terms of benefits, official sources in the US and many other countries consistently assure the public that the vaccines significantly reduce the risk of contracting covid, more strongly reduce the risk of serious illness and hospitalization, and even more dramatically reduce the risk of death from covid. With the passage of time following people's vaccinations, and especially during the omicron surge, authorities have noted that the protection from full vaccination (usually defined as two mRNA doses or one J&J injection) has declined while protection following a booster remains high.

People who view the vaccines as ineffective and/or dangerous often flatly discount data about vaccine effectiveness, particularly those coming from the US CDC. At times such views are backed by specific arguments, such as that counting people as unvaccinated for the two weeks that follow vaccination conflates those who are and aren't vaccinated and so renders the data meaningless. At other times the CDC data are completely dismissed on the assumption or belief that they are essentially made up as part of some kind of overriding plot.

To clarify these issues, it might be useful to look at comparable data from other countries. Those who view the vaccines as ineffective often take a stab at this by citing a number of countries that have both high vaccination rates and high case, hospitalization or death rates. Unfortunately, such lists usually turn out to be the product of "cherry-picking"--that is one can easily find an equal number of countries with high vaccination rates and low case counts, low vaccination rates and low case counts or low vaccination rates and high case counts. Or covid-vaccine critics point to a few times and places where case numbers or case rates have been more or less equal between vaccinated and unvaccinated groups, while ignoring hospitalization and death rates, which consistently strongly favor vaccinated populations.

A more meaningful way that a number of countries use to assess vaccine effectiveness is simply to compare the rates of covid cases, hospitalizations or deaths per 100,000 people between unvaccinated and vaccinated cohorts, or between unvaccinated, vaccinated, and boosted subsets of their population.

In practice this turns out not to be a simple undertaking. Apart from the technical and organizational issues of gathering, collating and reporting on the underlying data, countries must decide on what categories to use and how to define them. For example, some countries count people as vaccinated as soon as they have received their first shot; others, including the US, count people as unvaccinated until two weeks after a first vaccination; while some count people as unvaccinated until three weeks after vaccination. Some countries provide more data (e.g. cases, hospitalizations and deaths by vaccination status over time) while some only provide data for one of those outcomes, or for specific age groups. In addition, the time periods for which data is available vary country by country.

While those differences may make it difficult to precisely equate the findings from various countries, we can certainly learn something from these additional, independent sources.

I've been able to find data on covid death rates by vaccination status for 11 countries plus the Spanish region of Catalonia. The numbers that follow represent the most recent data I could locate.

A good place to start is with Our World in Data. They provide graphs and numerical data of weekly death rates by vaccination status over time for three countries, Switzerland, the US and Chile, plus graphs and monthly data for England. The graphs are well worth viewing and studying.

1. Switzerland (includes Liechtenstein), population approximately 9 million:

Weekly covid deaths per 100,000 people, week ending January 22, 2022

Unvaccinated: 10.71

Fully vaccinated: 0.97

Fully vaccinated and boosted: 0.19

As of 1/22/2022, unvaccinated Swiss were 11 times more likely to die from covid than those who were fully vaccinated, and 56 times more likely to die from covid than their boosted peers.

Detailed category definitions can be found here.

2. United States, population approximately 331 million:

Weekly covid deaths per 100,000 people, week ending December 3, 2021

Unvaccinated: 9.74

Fully vaccinated: 0.71

Fully vaccinated and boosted: 0.10

Unvaccinated Americans were 14 times more likely to die from covid than those who were fully vaccinated, and 97 times more likely to die from covid than their boosted peers.

Detailed category definitions can be found here.

3. Chile, population approximately 19 million:

Weekly covid deaths per 100,000 people, week ending January 15, 2022

Not vaccinated or not fully vaccinated: 1.81

Fully vaccinated: 1.32

Fully vaccinated and boosted: 0.19

Chileans who were either not vaccinated or not fully vaccinated were 1.4 times more likely to die than those who were fully vaccinated, and 9.5 times more likely to die from covid than their boosted peers.

Detailed category definitions can be found here.

4. England, population approximately 57 million:

Monthly covid death rates per 100,000 people, month ending October 15, 2021

Unvaccinated: 23.8

Fully vaccinated: 5.20

English citizens who were not vaccinated were 4.6 times more likely to die than those who were fully vaccinated.

Detailed category definitions can be found here.

5. Malaysia, population approximately 33 million:

Weekly covid death rates per 100,000 people, week ending February 3, 2022

Unvaccinated: 5.4

Two doses: 0.5

Boosted: less than 0.1

Malaysians who were not vaccinated were 10.8 times more likely to die than those who were fully vaccinated, and more than 54 times more likely to die than those who were boosted.

Graph for the past six months and detailed category definitions can be found here.

6. Singapore, population approximately 6 million:

Daily covid deaths per 100,000 people, week ending January 27, 2022

Not vaccinated: 0.67

Fully vaccinated: 0.23

Boosted: 0.07

Residents of Singapore who were not vaccinated were 2.9 times more likely to die than those who were fully vaccinated, and 9.6 times more likely to die than those who were boosted.

Graphs and detailed category definitions can be found here.

7. France, population approximately 65 million:

Monthly covid deaths per 100,000 people, month ending December 1, 2021

Not vaccinated: 35.65

Partly vaccinated: 9.74

Fully vaccinated: 4.38

Residents of France who were not vaccinated were 3.7 times more likely to die than those who were partly vaccinated, and 8.1 times more likely to die than those who were fully vaccinated.

Graphs and detailed category definitions can be found here.

8. Italy, population approximately 60 million:

Monthly covid deaths per 100,000 people, month ending January 9, 2022

Not vaccinated: 78.6

Fully vaccinated: 9.5

Boosted: 3.2

Unvaccinated Italians were 8.3 times more likely to die than their fully vaccinated peers, and 24.6 times more likely to die than those who were fully vaccinated and boosted.

Detailed category definitions can be found here.

9. Canada, population approximately 38 million:

Cumulative covid deaths per 100,000 people, December 14, 2020 through January 22, 2022

Unvaccinated: 975

Not yet protected: 1530

Partly vaccinated: 1010

Fully vaccinated: 384

Unvaccinated Canadians were 2.54 times more likely to die than their fully vaccinated peers. Not-yet-protected Canadians were 3.98 times more likely to die than their fully vaccinated peers. Partly vaccinated Canadians were 2.63 times more likely to die than their fully vaccinated peers.

Detailed category definitions can be found here.

10. Catalonia, Spain, population approximately 8 million

Cumulative deaths per 100,000 people between December 23, 2021 and January 12, 2022

Ages 70 and above

Unvaccinated: 50

Fully vaccinated: 5

Unvaccinated Catalonians 70 years old or older were 10 times more likely to die than their fully vaccinated peers.

Ages 60 - 69

Unvaccinated: 15

Fully vaccinated: 5.5

Unvaccinated Catalonians in the 60 to 69 age group were 2.7 times more likely to die than their fully vaccinated peers.

More information can be found here and here.

11. Israel, population approximately 9 million:

Deaths per 100,000 people between August 10, 2021 and September 8, 2021

Under 60 years of age

Not vaccinated: 0.7

Fully vaccinated: 0.23

Boosted: 0.26

Unvaccinated Israelis under the age of 60 were 3 times more likely to die than their fully vaccinated peers, and 2.7 times more likely to die than those who were fully vaccinated and boosted.

60 years of age or older

Not vaccinated: 161.5

Vaccinated: 51.71

Boosted: 10.06

Unvaccinated Israelis 60 years old or older were 3.1 times more likely to die than their fully vaccinated peers, and 16 times more likely to die than those who were fully vaccinated and boosted.

More information can be found here and here.

A few take-aways:

Data detailing death rates by vaccination status were found for 11 countries or regions with a total population of 637 million people.

Despite different populations, methodologies, category definitions and time spans, the data consistently show that unvaccinated people are significantly more likely to die from covid than their vaccinated peers and are at at even higher risk when compared to fully vaccinated and boosted peers.

The risk ratios comparing covid death rates among unvaccinated vs. fully vaccinated people ranged from 1.4 (Chile) to 14 (US) with a median value of 4.6.

The risk ratios comparing covid death rates among unvaccinated vs. vaccinated and boosted people ranged from 9.5 (Chile) to 97 (US) with a median value of 16. In other words, in all countries providing statistics on covid deaths by vaccination status, unvaccinated people died at 9.5 times the rate or more than their vaccinated and boosted peers.

In short, the most recent available data from 11 countries representing 637 million people consistently demonstrate that fully vaccinated people are significantly less likely to die from covid than their unvaccinated peers, and fully vaccinated and boosted people are many times less likely to die from covid than their unvaccinated peers.

Those who reflexively discount covid data from the US CDC may need to cast a wider net in order to ignore the data from at least 10 other countries.

Saturday, January 08, 2022

Kool-Aid, Anyone?


A recent post on the news and opinion site OpEdNews depicted Anthony Fauci and "Big Pharma" as mass murderers whose crimes against humanity demand a Nuremberg-style international tribunal, and a hanging. "Let's see them swing," the author concluded.

Similar claims appear frequently on OpEdNews, are commonplace on Fox News, circulate widely on social media and are fodder for right-wing political campaigns. In September, Wyoming State Senator Anthony Bouchard called for Fauci to be tried and executed, writing, "After the prosecution, the chair, the gallows, or lethal injection?" In November, Jackson Lahmeyer, a candidate for the US Senate from Oklahoma, echoed the same charges, calling Fauci a mass murderer and "the greatest con man in the United States of America." Lahmeyer, a pastor, more humanely just called for Fauci to be imprisoned.

                          Millions of Americans have swallowed the anti-vaccine Kool-Aid

Credit: Earl McGhee


The list of charges against Fauci is a long one, but the current ones center on his involvement both in creating the SARS-CoV-19 virus and forcing dangerous, death-dealing vaccines on the public. In anti-vaccine circles, the deadliness of the "clot shots" and "death shots" is an established truth from which the need to try and execute Fauci follows naturally. However, from time to time seemingly factual claims are made to bolster the case. For example, the OpEdNews post cited above includes the following striking assertions along with links to their sources:

"Airline pilots are dropping dead at an unprecedented 1750% higher rate than normal after the jab."

"Soccer players and other athletes are collapsing at sixty times the normal rate after the vax from heart failure."

"There is a "higher death rate from the clot-shots than from the disease".

Over the course of the pandemic, I've spent more time than I would have liked visiting such sources and fact-checking similar claims. I'd like to present what I've learned about a few of these seemingly authoritative pronouncements and, more importantly, about how such claims are generated--the recipe, so to speak, for the Kool-Aid that millions of Americans seem to have swallowed.

Claim: "Airline pilots are dropping dead at an unprecedented 1750% higher rate than normal after the jab."

This shocking indictment of the Covid vaccines didn't appear only on OpEdNews. I googled "airline pilots dying 1750% covid vaccine" and found 13,100,000 hits.

The story seems to have started on the Hal Turner radio show on December 8, 2021. His source was a real publication, the Airline Pilot Magazine, published by the Airline Pilots Association International (ALPA), which represents 61,000 active and retired pilots. Like many trade magazines, they publish an annual in memoriam list of members who have passed away. This year the list included the names of 111 pilots who died in 2021, 6 who died in 2020 and 1 who died in 2019.

Turner, copied avidly by everyone who has re-posted and who continues to spread this story, assumed that those numbers meant that 111 pilots died in 2021, following--and therefore linked to--the roll-out of the vaccines, a stunning number when compared to 6 in 2020 and just one in 2019. Those 105 excess deaths in 2021 compared to 2020 were both unnecessary and cruel; as Turner commented, "Pilots were coerced into taking the Covid-19 shots under threat of losing their jobs."

The 1750% number was apparently derived by comparing the difference between the 2021 and 2020 deaths to the 2020 deaths: 105/6 = 17.5. That factor of 17.5 was then made even more dramatic by reporting it as a percentage: 17.5 x 100 = 1750%.

It must be bitterly disappointing to many anti-vaxxers to learn that what the numbers actually mean is that ALPA received timely notices of the deaths of 111 of their members who died in 2021, somewhat belated notices about 6 pilots who had died in 2020, and an even more belated notice about a pilot who had died in 2019. As common sense would suggest, roughly similar numbers of pilots die each year.

Here's what ALPA has to say (complete with a lovely aviation-related turn of phrase):

In every edition of Air Line Pilot magazine, we honor ALPA pilots - both active and retired - who have flown west. Based on verified information provided by their families, we reported the loss of more pilots in both 2019 and 2020 than in 2021 [my emphasis]. We report the losses in our magazine as we receive information from the families. The information in one magazine edition does not provide a complete report of the total losses for each of the listed years. We salute every member for their service and honor their memories."

To put it bluntly, this claim, still flying around the internet, isn't just inaccurate or misleading, it's the exact opposite of the truth.

To his credit, the author of the OpEdNews piece that repeated this claim deleted it after I brought the truth to his attention. Interestingly, however, he didn't give up on the possibility (or perhaps the hope) that something similar might be true, adding, "It remains to be seen how many pilots will die from the 'vaccines.'"

The next claim in that post is also popular on anti-vax sites: "Soccer players and other athletes are collapsing at sixty times the normal rate after the vax from heart failure." A google search came up with 5,860,000 citations.

According to Reuters, the first source for this kind of claim was an article on the website of the Israeli edition of Real Time News, which listed 108 "professional athletes, coaches, college and youth athletes" who have died since December 2020, and which attributed those deaths to the Covid vaccines.

Reuters fact checkers examined the list and found that it included American football players, archers, gymnasts, badminton players, ballet dancers, rugby, soccer, tennis, table tennis, baseball, cricket, ice and field hockey, handball, volleyball and basketball players, body builders, boxers, canoe racers, cyclists and weightlifters. The list ranged from young amateurs to retired professional athletes, and included ". . . four soccer coaches, . . ., one body building coach, one cricket teacher, one athletics trainer, a golf caddie, a marching band member and a doctor who died while out jogging."

Using the same approach of scouring news sources for athlete deaths, the story that the OpEdNews piece cited featured an even longer list published December 22 on the website of Global Research, a self-described anti-globalization organization. That story included brief news excerpts reporting on 187 athletes from a wide variety of sports worldwide who collapsed and/or died in 2021, followed by a separate list of another 180, again "from all over the world." 

Those two lists combined are the source of the article's headline, "367 Athlete Cardiac Arrests, Serious Issues, 209 Dead, After Covid Shot."

Although many of the news snippets don't mention vaccination, and although some of the events took place long after vaccination, this article, like the earlier one, assumes a causal link between the vaccines and these events, leading to an urgent conclusion: "We are dealing with a crimes [sic] against humanity on an unprecedented scale. The Killer vaccine must be withdrawn immediately."

Of course this seemingly large number of deaths among athletes is meaningful only if it is in fact abnormal and represents an actual increase from previous years. The article presents that as self-evident, leading with the comment: "It is definitely not normal for young athletes to suffer from cardiac arrests or to die while playing their sport, but this year it is happening." The authors challenged potential fact-checkers to comb news reports from past years for comparable events, writing, "Where are the fact-checkers? . . . They are nowhere to be found because this number of athlete deaths is abnormal and they know it."

It turns out that fact-checkers don't have to count up news reports of similar deaths in past years because there's a much simpler way to find out if 209 sudden deaths among athletes in a year is unusual or not.

Not surprisingly, scientists have known about and studied sudden deaths among athletes long before Covid and the Covid vaccines. A literature review from June, 2017, published in the NIH National Library of Medicine, found that the rate of sudden cardiac deaths (SCDs) among college athletes is around one death per 50,000 athlete-years, and among high school athletes, one per 50,000 to 80,000 athlete-years. A similar study of older athletes, published in 2016, found a comparable rate of one sudden death per 50,000 athlete-years.

As we saw, the authors of the athlete death lists did not limit themselves to young athletes or athletes in the US alone. They scoured news reports for sudden deaths among active and retired athletes, coaches, trainers and other sports figures from pretty much every sport worldwide. The first 25 names on the Global Research list include soccer players from Egypt, France, Ghana, Portugal and Spain, runners from Norway and Scotland, handball players from Croatia and Portugal, volleyball players from India, a basketball player from the Philippines, a rugby player from Australia, a boxer, a cricket player and a bodybuilder from the US and a darts player from the UK.

According to the NCAA, there are 8 million US high school athletes and an additional 495,000 college athletes. We would expect 110 sudden cardiac deaths just among those young US athletes every year. It's estimated that 25 percent of Americans - around 82 million -- are active in at least one sport. If we conservatively estimate that their risk of sudden death is similar to that of healthy young athletes, 1 in 80,000 per year, we would expect more than 1000 such deaths every year in the US alone.

It turns out that the world is a very big place and there are a lot of athletes out there, orders of magnitude more than most of us would have guessed. It's estimated that worldwide there are 500 million active volleyball players450 million basketball players300 million table tennis players240 million registered soccer players220 million badminton players65 million baseball players60 million cricket players19 million handball players, etc., etc., etc.

So if, as the authors of the article do, we cast our net worldwide, we're looking at more than 2 billion athletes. Let's be even more conservative and assume that just one out of every 100,000 of them dies suddenly in a given year. That means there are probably 20,000 such deaths every year, including, of course 2021.

In other words, far more athletes--quite likely 100 times more--die suddenly every year than the paltry few that the authors of their shocking story documented in 2021. defined as abnormal, and with such certainty blamed on the vaccines. Had the authors of the two stories that were the source of the "60 times the normal rate" headline really done their homework, they could have stretched their list of athlete deaths in 2021 into the tens of thousands. But it's clear that they could have done the same for 2020, 2019, and earlier years as well.

The bottom line is that the lists of deaths on which this claim is based, although of course tragic, are absolutely meaningless as evidence of the alleged dangers of the Covid vaccines.

Not every anti-vaccine claim is as transparently wrong as those involving pilots and athletes. The assertion in the recent OpEdNews piece that "There is a 'higher death rate from the clot-shots than from the disease,'" provides a link to an actual article in an actual scientific journal, Toxicology Reports. And it's true that the authors of that article did say what the OpEdNews writer claimed, although just for people 65 and older. They concluded, "A novel best-case scenario [their emphasis] cost-benefit analysis showed very conservatively [their emphasis] that there are five times the number of deaths attributable to each inoculation vs those attributable to COVID-19 in the most vulnerable 65+ demographic."

The paper is extremely long and convoluted, with many questionable assumptions and analyses. After reading and re-reading the piece, I found that the authors had made three crucial assumptions that allowed them to reach their remarkable conclusion. Those involved VAERS--the US Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System, how to interpret its numbers, and a unique way of calculating what they called true COVID-19 deaths.

VAERS is a database jointly maintained by the CDC and the FDA. It solicits and receives reports from medical professionals and from the public about adverse events that occur after any kind of vaccination. As is clearly spelled out on the VAERS website, the system serves as "an early warning system that detects problems possibly related to vaccines." They point out that, since there is no unvaccinated control group to compare reported adverse effects to, "we can't use VAERS to calculate how often adverse effects occur," and "VAERS generally cannot determine if a vaccine was the cause of a reported adverse event." If the reported adverse events do suggest a problem, detailed case-by-case analysis and/or further, carefully designed and controlled research is needed to evaluate it, much as an early warning from NORAD must be carefully scrutinized before concluding that a nuclear attack is in progress.

You can get a sense of the challenge of sorting out deaths that might actually be caused by a vaccination from the following: 

In the US more than two million people 65 and older die every year, out of a senior population of more than 54 million. That means that the average risk of death for a senior during a full year is 3.7 % percent, and the average risk of death for a senior on any given day is just about one in 1000.  Almost all American seniors received at least one Covid shot in 2021, and many received two, That means that an average of 5500 seniors will die on the day they happen to get a Covid shot, and more than 38,000 will die during the week after getting a Covid shot, independently of any effects of the shot

Some fraction of those deaths will seem suspicious enough to be reported to VAERS either by medical professionals or members of the public. In the course of 2021, VAERS received just over 10,000 such reports, covering all age groups. But which, if any, or those deaths might actually have been caused by the vaccines can only be determined by case-by-case medical evaluation and/or further research.

Despite the clear warnings about how to interpret VAERS data, the authors of this paper count every adverse event associated with a Covid vaccination as definitely caused by the vaccination.

As if that assumption were not enough, they then use some elaborate rationalizations about under-reporting to determine that every death reported to VAERS following a Covid vaccination not only is a vaccine death, but actually represents just one percent of the actual deaths from the vaccines. This allows them to multiply each Covid-related death reported to VAERS by100 to determine what they consider the true number of vaccine-caused deaths.

That sleight-of-hand still didn't get them to all the way to the conclusion they apparently were determined to reach, so they repeated the same trick in reverse to estimate how many people have died from Covid. Based on a CDC statement that some 94% of people who are recorded as having died from Covid have one or more co-morbidities, the authors re-attribute 94% of recorded Covid deaths to those pre-existing conditions, leaving just 6% as "true" Covid deaths. That neat trick allowed them to divide the officially reported deaths from Covid by 16.67.

Not surprisingly, if you count every death reported to VAERS following a Covid vaccination as if it were definitely caused by the vaccination, and then multiply that number by 100, you can make the vaccines look very dangerous. If at the same time you take the deaths officially attributed to Covid and divide them by 16.67, you can make Covid look much less dangerous than it really is. 

Combining these two feats of legerdemain tilts the cost-benefit balance by a factor of 1667 in order to arrive at their "best-case," "very conservative" conclusion that the vaccines kill five times more seniors than die from Covid.

I sent a copy of this paper to an MD friend of mine, part of whose career involved reviewing the medical literature for papers whose findings might lead to a change in the practice guidelines of the large national HMO for which he worked. Here is his response:

"I couldn't force myself to get through the entire article, but there are red flags everywhere. Chief among them, this journal is open access and merely charges a fee for publication. One of the authors is the editor of the journal, and the associate editor was the peer reviewer. So many assumptions were biased that I found myself nauseated."

We could scrutinize even more dramatic anti-vaccine claims. For now, I'll just say that almost every time I've taken the time to look into any of the claims that are actually clear enough to be checked, I've found a similar pattern, an effective recipe for generating disinformation:

  1. Find or make up something, some cherry-picked factoid, a few numbers taken out of context, a pronouncement from a seemingly reputable source, or as we just saw, a "scientific" article, that provides just enough basis for a seemingly damning proof that the vaccines are deadly.

  2. Couch even the flimsiest claim as a catchy story and get it picked up and repeated by anti-vaccine websites, especially widely followed ones such as those run by RFK, Jr., Joseph Mercola, Robert Malone, etc.

  3. Just wait. There are plenty of those sites, and plenty of people who avidly and uncritically accept and share whatever appears on them as a slam-dunk confirmation of their beliefs.

That seems to be all it takes to create extremely effective anti-vaccine propaganda.

All of this might only be of academic interest, a case study of confirmation bias or mass delusions, except for the fact that 825,000 Americans have died from Covid, many of whom would still be alive if they had gotten vaccinated. And except for the fact that such charges have become the "factual" basis for an alternate reality, one in which Fauci is firmly believed to be a mass murderer and the "death shots" his weapon of choice. How many more Americans will die needlessly? How many passionate calls for Fauci to be executed will it take before someone takes it upon himself to see that "justice" is done?

Just as at Jonestown, this disinformation-laced Kool-Aid kills.

Thursday, December 02, 2021

The Real Risks of the COVID Vaccines

 Anyone following social media could be excused for thinking that the vaccines against COVID-19 are not just ineffective but extremely dangerous. Here are a few of the categorical assertions from a recent post on a nominally progressive news site:

"The COVID vaccines are the most dangerous vaccines in human history. They are 800 times more deadly than the smallpox vaccine, which was the previous record holder. The vaccines have killed over 150,000 Americans and permanently disabled even more. They don't make sense for anyone of any age. The younger you are, the worse it gets. For kids, it is estimated that we kill 117 kids for every COVID death we prevent...”

Credit: Marco Vetch

"So we are 'saving' fewer than 10,000 lives at the expense of over 150,000 (vaccine) deaths. In short, we kill 15 people to save 1. That's incredibly stupid."

The eminent Dr. Peter McCollough has emphasized: "You are about five times as likely to die of the vaccine than you are to take your risks with COVID-19.”

A recent medical research article said: "A novel best-case scenario cost-benefit analysis showed very conservatively that there are five times the number of deaths attributable to each inoculation vs those attributable to COVID-19 in the most vulnerable 65+ demographic."

We can now test such frequently repeated claims against actual data:

Currently 454 million COVID-19 vaccine doses have been administered in the US, and 195 million US residents have received two or more of the shots. Logically, if the vaccines were as dangerous as vaccine critics want us to believe, taking 5, 15, or, for children 117 lives for every life saved, those hundreds of thousands of deaths should be showing up somewhere. To put it crudely—show us the bodies.

Here's some striking new research that tells us that those bodies are never going to be found because they simply don't exist.

We already know that COVID-related deaths are consistently far lower among vaccinated compared to unvaccinated people. So the deaths supposedly caused by the vaccines must show up among deaths that are not COVID-related. Unfortunately for vaccine critics (but fortunately for everyone else), a large new study shows that the death rate from all causes other than COVID-19 is significantly lower among vaccinated compared to unvaccinated Americans.

If the hundreds of thousands of deaths from the COVID vaccinations don't show up as COVID-related, or as non-COVID-related, they don't exist. Period. The bodies will never be found because they were never there.

The new research appears in the Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) of October 29, 2021. It's open access, so you can read the entire article here. (I know from experience that true-blue COVID vaccine critics pre-emptively discount all information from the CDC, JAMA, the New England Journal of Medicine and other "mainstream" sources. So they will doubtlessly discount this study too.)

Researchers at 9 large healthcare organizations across the US extracted anonymized data from the medical records of 6.4 million vaccinated people and 4.6 million unvaccinated people 12 years old or older. The data included vaccination dates, the kind of vaccine received, and subsequent health outcomes, including any deaths. In order to control for generalized vaccine or healthcare avoidance, the group who did not receive COVID vaccination was selected from people who had chosen to get flu vaccinations within the last two years.

 The researchers calculated and compared deaths per 100 person-years at risk between December, 2020 and July, 2021.

The results were striking:

After one dose of the Pfizer mRNA vaccine, vaccinated people's risk of dying from all causes other than COVID-19 was just 41 percent of the risk of unvaccinated people.

After two Pfizer doses, that relative risk went down to 34 percent.

After one dose of the Moderna mRNA vaccine, the non-COVID death risk was 34 percent.

After two doses of the Moderna vaccine, that relative risk went down to 31 percent.

After a single dose of the Johnson & Johnson adenovirus-vector vaccine, the risk of death from all causes other the COVID-19 was 54 percent compared to unvaccinated people.

With the exception of children age 12 -17, for whom the risk of death was equally low regardless of vaccination status, these findings held for all age groups, for men and women, and for all racial and ethnic groups.

The study's understated, but extremely clear conclusion:

There is no increased risk for mortality among COVID-19 vaccine recipients.”

To restate the implication of these findings from the actual medical histories of 11 million people across the US:

There have not been 363,000 deaths (expected if the vaccines were in fact “800 times more deadly than the smallpox vaccine.”)

There have not been “over 150,000 Americans” killed by the COVID vaccines.

The vaccines are not killing 15 people to save 1.

You are not “5 times more likely to die of the vaccine than … your risks with COVID-19.”

There have not been 5 times the number of deaths from each inoculation compared to COVID among people 65 and older.

It's actually just the opposite. Not only do the COVID vaccines prevent deaths from or related to COVID, they are strongly associated with reduced deaths not related to COVID.

The researchers raise the intriguing question of just how the COVID vaccines lead to these additional lives saved. They suggest three plausible factors—it's possible that people who have chosen to get vaccinated have healthier lifestyles, they may be healthier in general, and perhaps there were some deaths from COVID in the unvaccinated cohort that were attributed to other causes. Further research is needed and is being planned.

Whatever the reasons for the strikingly reduced rates of non-COVID-related death among these 11 million Americans, the fact remains that the vaccines emphatically do not put us at risk, or “only” reduce COVID-related deaths, they actually reduce our risk of dying from causes other than COVID.

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A slightly different version of this article appeared on OpEdNews on 12/1/21.













There is no increased risk for mortality among COVID-19 vaccine recipients.





Let's start with the claim that the COVID vaccines are “800 times more deadly than the smallpox vaccine.” According to the National Library of Medicine, the death rate from smallpox vaccination was one death per million vaccinations. If it's true that the COVID vaccines are 800 times more deadly, then the 454 million COVID shots must have killed 800 x 454 = 363,200 Americans. That's about 45 percent of the 800,000 CoVID-related deaths that have dominated headlines, filled and sometimes overwhelmed hospitals and intensive care units, and orphaned 150,000 to 200,000 children.

If the vaccine critics want to be taken seriously—show us the bodies.

Another claim in the same paragraph: “It is estimated that we kill 117 kids for every COVID death we prevent.”

[TK—go directly to new data about deaths, put the discussion of VAERS, etc. below]



When pressed, the vaccine critics start by citing VAERS, the US Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System. VAERS has received over 10,000 reports of deaths following COVID vaccinations. VAERS emphasizes that:

FDA requires healthcare providers to report any death after COVID-19 vaccination to VAERS, even if it’s unclear whether the vaccine was the cause. Reports of adverse events to VAERS following vaccination, including deaths, do not necessarily mean that a vaccine caused a health problem.

Despite that unambiguous warning, vaccine critics typically take the number of deaths reported to VAERS as definitely caused by the COVID vaccines, and then multiply that number by a large factor—up to 100--based on assumed under-reporting.

There are many reasons why the VAERS data can't be taken literally, but a basic one is the background rate of deaths that would be expected in the weeks following the 450,000,000 vaccinations Americans have received—or 450,000,000 events of any kind.

You can check the math at the end of this post, but the fact is that if you picked 450,000,000 random weeks in the lives of Americans, you would register more than 75,000 deaths. In other words, it's basically impossible to know if any of the deaths reported to VAERS following COVID vaccinations are caused by the shots, related to the shots, or just part of the much larger number of deaths that occur among hundreds of millions of people any given week. Clearly, multiplying a meaningless number by 15, 50 or 100 doesn't make it any more meaningful.

Vaccine critics perform another trick to minimize the effectiveness of the vaccines. They cite a CDC report that just 6 percent of COVID-related deaths are in people with no known risk factors (such as obesity) or co-morbidities (such as diabetes). They then assume that the remaining 94 percent of COVID-related deaths must actually be from something other than COVID. This trick reduces the number of COVID deaths by 94 percent, so currently from 770,000 down to 46,200.

So, with a little hand waving and a few abracadabras, the vaccine critics manage to “find” 150,000 or more deaths from the vaccines compared to only 46,000 deaths from COVID itself. Clearly we should be far more scared of the vaccines than by COVID, right?

Luckily, we have some new and much more reliable data about the alleged dangers of the COVID vaccines.







How many Americans can be expected to die in the week following a COVID-19 shot (or in the week following any given event)?

About 2,855,000 Americans die every year. That's 870 per 100,000 person-years or 16.7 per 100,000 person-weeks.

Let's suppose that vaccine administrators report any deaths that occur within one week following a COVID shot. That means that any deaths among 454,000,000 people for one week, or 450,000,000 person-weeks would potentially be reported. But we would expect 16.7 natural deaths per 100,000 person-weeks, or 167 deaths per million person-weeks, so 167 x 454 = 75,818 natural, but potentially reportable deaths.

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Wednesday, October 20, 2021

Who shouldn't get vaccinated? The informed part of informed consent.

 Ten months after the vaccines became available, we now have meaningful data that can guide people deciding if they should or shouldn't get themselves or their children vaccinated against covid.

The best available data about the actual risks of the mRNA vaccines--specifically the Pfizer/BioNTech shots--come from a joint Israeli-Harvard Medical School study evaluating the medical records of more than 1.6 million people, half of whom received two Pfizer jabs while half remained unvaccinated. I reported on this study here, and you can find the peer-reviewed paper itself, published in the New England Journal of Medicine, here.


Of course. But what are the actual risks and benefits?

Credit: Nick Youngson

The study found that just five side-effects occurred more frequently in the vaccinated groups in the six weeks following vaccination relative to a comparable time period for the unvaccinated group. These included swollen lymph nodes (78.4 additional cases per 100,000 people), shingles (15.8 extra cases per 100,000), appendicitis (5 additional cases per 100,000), Bell's palsy (3.5 additional cases per 100,000) and myocarditis (2.7 additional cases per 100,000, almost all in young men).

If we add all those side-effects together we find an incidence of 105.4 per 100,000 fully vaccinated people.

It's worth noting that those symptoms vary in seriousness. The most frequent--swollen lymph nodes--is a predictable, rarely serious, reaction to vaccination, while the remaining four potentially more serious conditions represent a total of just 27 additional cases per 100,000 vaccinated people.

To keep things simple and clear, you can safely estimate that if you get two rounds of the Pfizer vaccine, your risk of suffering any reaction worse than a sore arm is around 1 in 1000, and your risk of a serious side-effect such as shingles or appendicitis is around 1 out of 3700.

We can compare these risks to the risks from covid itself in a variety of ways. Here are several that readers may find helpful:

Risks from covid in the Israeli-Harvard study: Among the 800,000 participants who remained unvaccinated, a significant number contracted covid. As is typical of covid, not all of those developed serious symptoms. However, far more did experience significant symptoms and sequelae from covid than were seen in their vaccinated peers. These included cardiac arrythmia (166 extra cases per 100,000), acute kidney injury (125.4 extra cases per 100,000), pulmonary embolism--a blood clot in the lung--(61.7 extra cases per 100,000), deep-vein thrombosis (43 extra cases per 100,000), myocardial infarction--a heart attack--(25 extra cases per 100,000), myocarditis (11 extra cases per 100,000), pericarditis (10.9 extra cases per 100,000) and intracranial bleeding (7.6 extra cases per 100,000).

So, in the same 6 week period, the unvaccinated group suffered serious, very serious or potentially fatal symptoms such as acute kidney injury, pulmonary blood clots or heart attacks at a combined rate of 443 per 100,000. That's more than four times the rate of all the vaccine side-effects combined, and 16 times the rate of the potentially serious vaccine side-effects.

Risk of contracting covid in the US as a whole. As of 10/18/21, there have been 45,798,599 recorded covid cases in the US. That's a case rate of 13,733 per 100,000 people, accumulated over 22 months. It's not possible to predict the exact course of the pandemic going forward, but for the average American the risk of contracting covid, say in the next 12 months, is probably 50 or 60 times higher than the risk of any side-effect from the vaccine, and several hundred times higher than the risk of any of the more serious side-effects.

As critics of covid vaccination point out, many covid cases are relatively mild. However, in the US over the course of the pandemic so far, about one out of every 20 people who contracted covid got sick enough to require hospitalization.

Risk of covid hospitalization in the US as a whole. As of 10/18/21, the cumulative covid hospitalization rate in the US reached 694 per 100,000. That implies that the average US resident is 6.6 times more likely to have been hospitalized because of covid than they would have been at risk for any negative reaction to the vaccine, and 26 times more likely to have been hospitalized from covid than to have risked a serious reaction to the vaccine.

Again, the first 22 months of the pandemic don't tell us what the next 22 months will bring, but the risk continuesespecially among the unvaccinated.

Again, vaccination critics point out that "covid has a 99 percent survival rate." That's not quite true. In the US so far, 1.6 percent of recorded covid cases have resulted in recorded covid deaths. We can now compare that to the risks from vaccination.

Risk of death from covid in the US as a whole. As of 10/18/21 the cumulative rate of deaths from covid hit 224.5 per 100,000 people. That means that on average, a US resident is 2.1 times more likely to have died from covid since the start of the pandemic to date than to have risked any negative reaction to a vaccine, and 8.3 times more likely to have died as a result of covid than to have risked one of the serious reaction to the vaccine.

Risk of covid deaths state by state. As of 10/18/21, five states had cumulative covid death rates less than 105 deaths per 100,000 population. Those are Oregon (99), Utah (96), Hawaii (87), Alaska (59) and Vermont (55). For residents in those states, which comprise just three percent of the US population, the odds of having died from covid so far in the pandemic are somewhat less than the risk of having any negative reaction to the vaccine, but still two to three times higher than the risk of one of the serious vaccine side-effects. Even in those states, however, the risk of hospitalization from covid is significantly higher than any of the risks from the vaccine.

The remaining 97 percent of Americans live in states where the risks of contracting covid, becoming seriously ill, being hospitalized or dying from covid are greater than the risks of any negative sequelae from the vaccines.

Risk of covid deaths county by county. You can check your county's cumulative covid death rate on this map. If you're in one of the darker blue counties--most of which have very small populations--the cumulative death rate per 100,000 people is less than the risk of side-effects from the vaccine. Still, unless your county's cumulative death rate is less than 12 per 100,000, as it is in Orange County, Vermont (population 29,000) or Skamania County, Washington (population 11,066), your risk of hospitalization from covid is higher than any risk from the vaccine.

Risk of covid deaths from breakthrough infections: We now know that vaccine-induced immunity fades over time, and that the delta variant in particular is causing a significant number of fully vaccinated people to fall ill. However, the vaccines are still highly protective against severe illness and death. Perhaps the most striking statistic is that out of 187,000,000 fully vaccinated Americans, 7,178 have died from covid, or just 3.8 per 100,000. That's less than 6 percent of the 124,000 Americans who have died from covid since mid-July, when the delta variant became predominant.

In summary, for the large majority of Americans, the risks of getting covid, suffering one or more of the serious impacts of covid, having to be hospitalized because of covid, or dying from covid are all far higher than the risks of any side-effect of the mRNA vaccines, and, even against the delta variant, the vaccines remain highly protective against severe illness or death.

What about children?

There is one group, however, for whom this may not be true. As many critics of covid vaccination have pointed out, the risks from covid are significantly lower for young people. For example, the cumulative covid death rate for children under 15 is less than 5 per 100,000, comparable to the death rate for fully vaccinated adults. For 16 and 17 year-olds it's 9 per 100,000, and from 18 through 29, 16 per 100,000. If we were just comparing the risk of dying from covid to the much less serious but documented risks from the mRNA vaccines, one could potentially come down on the side of not vaccinating young children and teenagers.

The picture changes if we include the risk of children needing to be hospitalized because of covid. The cumulative covid hospitalization rate for children 0 through 4 is 87 per 100,000, and from 5 through 18, 51.8 per 100,000. These are less than the risk of any side effects of the vaccines, but higher than the risks of serious side effects. Luckily, young children are less likely to be severely sickened or to die from covid than adults, but a significant number do need to be hospitalized.

Safety and efficacy trials of covid vaccines for children from 5 through 11 are currently taking place, and the White House has announced plans to promote vaccination of children ages 5 through 11 once a children's vaccine is approved. We should have more data specific to that age group within the next few months.

Individual risks vs. social responsibility

The risk ratios discussed above refer to individual risks. That is, one could decide to be vaccinated or not based only on comparing one's own risk of contracting covid, or of requiring hospitalization, or of dying vs. the known risks from the vaccine. However, public health authorities point out that, much like choosing to wear a mask, getting vaccinated doesn't just protect the person getting the jab, it also protects others by reducing the likelihood that that person will infect others. This multiplicative factor becomes significant when large numbers of people in a population remain unvaccinated, and so provide a continuing medium for the virus.

Currently, 43 percent of the US population remain unvaccinated, or more than 143 million people. Around half of those are adults who would incur low risks from vaccination yet could protect themselves and others by doing so. As long as they choose not to get vaccinated, they remain a big, wide playing field across which the coronavirus can continue its advance.